Essay | Urbanization And Its Causes

Living in cities: cities have long been places where a large number of people focus on specializing in commerce, industry, art, science and culture. The share of urban population in the population is growing rapidly - from 2% in 1800 to 14% in 1900 to 47% in 2000 estimated at 60% in 2030. This increase is partly due to urban traffic, opportunities and their standard of living. It is also due to emigration from other countries and higher fertility rates for more mobile young people.

Every city develops in a unique way, according to the people, politics, resources and geography of the region. Changes are constantly taking place when people move, need change, buildings and infrastructure age. Globalization with its rapidly evolving communications technology and capital movement leads to some cities that are strong across the globe, while others with less resources are expanding as people move to work, especially in labor-intensive manufacturing and service sectors.

The rapidly growing urban population often means that important economic, social and environmental issues need to be addressed - particularly in rapidly growing cities in developing countries.

Economic Issues: Cities are increasingly the engines of economic growth. City-based economic activity accounts for over 50% of GDP in all countries and over 80% in Europe. Reducing trade barriers to globalization coupled with better transport, communication and production processes has brought jobs and capital migration to areas with lower wage costs.

The resulting volatility in the labor market has meant that only those who can adapt are likely to fall into the labor market. Many people are cut off from work because they do not have the required training and the means to get it. This will lead to the rapid growth of urban poor cities. The poor and the unskilled are vulnerable to exploitation, because surplus labor means that salaries can be considered low and poor working conditions. Many people create their own jobs through informal jobs and micro-businesses, such as selling small things in the streets or services such as cleaning or repairing a shoe.

Housing and infrastructure: Without income the poor can be homeless or forced to find cheap housing, often in open spaces on railways, rivers or motorways
and made from discarded materials. In these areas there is generally uncertain supply of water and electricity, limited transport and poor quality foodstuffs affected by pollution and crime. Poor drainage and contamination lead to illness that rapidly spreads to cramped conditions. People living in these areas suffer from the uncertainty of being constantly evicted so that land can be used for economically more productive purposes.

The growing population places an important position on obsolete facilities, while new costs may be very high. The massive cost of developing and maintaining infrastructure or its reconstruction after the destruction of conflicts or natural disasters have led to the privatization of services, which often results in more difficult costs for the poor.

Social Issues: Urban people try to live away from their families and have fewer family connections. This separation can mean greater freedom and less behavior, especially in women, but it can also limit social support and family breakdown as well as the exploitation or exploitation of vulnerable people. It is important that governments keep the law and order in the protection of these people.

International migration means that many cities have a multicultural population that can lead to culturally distinct territories or ethnic ghettos. Positive social interaction and tolerance can be improved through good policies and common cultural, religious and recreational opportunities.

Environmental issues: Enlarging cities requires large environmental requirements, often farmland, polluting waterways and producing large quantities of waste to meet the needs of the population for food, water and energy. If cities need to be sustainable, the amount of damage they cause must be limited by means of restricting their growth, improving services and increasing access to services so that people can walk or get around in workplaces and shops. Promoting growth in rural areas by improving services also limits urban expansion. Open spaces in cities can also increase their livelihood both socially and environmentally.